" race" is a misleading word since there is no" race "that is composed of biologically pure individuals because of the human migration and the interracial births. Also different ethnicities don `t have pure culture because people with different ethnicities shared and share cultural heritage. And although these two (race and ethnicity) are different since one is considered biological and the other is considered cultural but the two sometimes go hand in hand like when we face to" identity "and "racism" .
This belief of racism that one racial category is superior or inferior to another , is a stereotype. Stereotypes are n` t only negative but also positive and they are n `t only toward out-groups but also toward in-group. Also the feedbacks of one in-group or minorities to the others` stereotypes sometimes can cause to strengthen and aggravate stereotypes.
According to this approach, In this article I try to explain that although one of the major aim of establishing African American studies is to challenge racism and racial discrimination , but as its courses and syllabus show, they (scholars) have accepted stereotypes of out –group about themselves and they believe in "blackness" as a "race" because they have overly separated their culture from American culture and ignored acculturation between African American culture and American culture .
Thus this ignoring is a feedback to out-group stereotypes and it itself is an in-group stereotype which prevent African Americans to make a internationalization-commitment identity but a sub-immersion— sub-internationalization identity.
Black Racial Identity
"They are all like that", it is a common term when we tend to classify people who are n `t in our in -group. ( out-group homogeneity theory).
But why and how do we classify people? ( I will examine this issue in another essay)
And most important than this question is that who are "we" that tend to separate "we" from "others"?
As I will examine this issue in this essay in the case of African American studies:
First African Americans accept themselves as "we" , so they believe in black racial identity
Second although one of the aim of African American studies is to challenge racial discrimination and racism , but as courses show ,it represents the racial view of African Americans ( although scholars)
Third African American studies strengthen the racial view and blackness as a race.
As Cross( Bobo,2004) described , black racial identity development has five stages :
1- Preencounter : African American has absorbed many of the beliefs and values of dominant white culture – white is right , black is wrong
2- encounter: [ ]events forces the individual to acknowledge the impact of racism in one` s life.
3- Immersion: everything of value in life must be black or relevant to blackness, avoiding of symbols of whiteness
4- Internationalization: establishing meaningful relationship with white who acknowledge a positive sense of racial identity
5- Internationalization-Commitment: translating personal sense of blackness into a general sense of commitment
But African American studies seems to recede partly to third stage- immersion stage - that I claim it strengthens a new kind of identity which I call it " sub- immersion –sub- internationalization".
Concept Of Stereotype
According to stereotypes theory when we change the stereotypes, we do in one of three ways:
1- book keeping model: adjusting the stereotypes to adapt to the new information
2- conversion model: throwing away the old stereotype and start again
3- subtyping model: creating a new stereotype that is a sub- classification of the existing stereotype
but I `d like to add another way of changing the stereotypes regarding to given new kind of African American identity ; sub immersion- sub internationalization:
4- addition model : keeping old stereotype ,adding new information
We not only create stereotypes about others but about ourselves. As it is evident in the case of African American Studies , they keep the sense of blackness and add internationalization ,but not blackness nor internationalization change each other .
I examine my hypothesis in four universities and college: Boston University,Yale University ,University of Visconssin–Madison and Bates College.(although their courses are n `t the same but they are very similar)
SOURCE:
http://www.articlesbase.com/communication-articles/production-of-subimmersionsubinternationalization-identity-through-african-american-studies-213274.html
This belief of racism that one racial category is superior or inferior to another , is a stereotype. Stereotypes are n` t only negative but also positive and they are n `t only toward out-groups but also toward in-group. Also the feedbacks of one in-group or minorities to the others` stereotypes sometimes can cause to strengthen and aggravate stereotypes.
According to this approach, In this article I try to explain that although one of the major aim of establishing African American studies is to challenge racism and racial discrimination , but as its courses and syllabus show, they (scholars) have accepted stereotypes of out –group about themselves and they believe in "blackness" as a "race" because they have overly separated their culture from American culture and ignored acculturation between African American culture and American culture .
Thus this ignoring is a feedback to out-group stereotypes and it itself is an in-group stereotype which prevent African Americans to make a internationalization-commitment identity but a sub-immersion— sub-internationalization identity.
Black Racial Identity
"They are all like that", it is a common term when we tend to classify people who are n `t in our in -group. ( out-group homogeneity theory).
But why and how do we classify people? ( I will examine this issue in another essay)
And most important than this question is that who are "we" that tend to separate "we" from "others"?
As I will examine this issue in this essay in the case of African American studies:
First African Americans accept themselves as "we" , so they believe in black racial identity
Second although one of the aim of African American studies is to challenge racial discrimination and racism , but as courses show ,it represents the racial view of African Americans ( although scholars)
Third African American studies strengthen the racial view and blackness as a race.
As Cross( Bobo,2004) described , black racial identity development has five stages :
1- Preencounter : African American has absorbed many of the beliefs and values of dominant white culture – white is right , black is wrong
2- encounter: [ ]events forces the individual to acknowledge the impact of racism in one` s life.
3- Immersion: everything of value in life must be black or relevant to blackness, avoiding of symbols of whiteness
4- Internationalization: establishing meaningful relationship with white who acknowledge a positive sense of racial identity
5- Internationalization-Commitment: translating personal sense of blackness into a general sense of commitment
But African American studies seems to recede partly to third stage- immersion stage - that I claim it strengthens a new kind of identity which I call it " sub- immersion –sub- internationalization".
Concept Of Stereotype
According to stereotypes theory when we change the stereotypes, we do in one of three ways:
1- book keeping model: adjusting the stereotypes to adapt to the new information
2- conversion model: throwing away the old stereotype and start again
3- subtyping model: creating a new stereotype that is a sub- classification of the existing stereotype
but I `d like to add another way of changing the stereotypes regarding to given new kind of African American identity ; sub immersion- sub internationalization:
4- addition model : keeping old stereotype ,adding new information
We not only create stereotypes about others but about ourselves. As it is evident in the case of African American Studies , they keep the sense of blackness and add internationalization ,but not blackness nor internationalization change each other .
I examine my hypothesis in four universities and college: Boston University,Yale University ,University of Visconssin–Madison and Bates College.(although their courses are n `t the same but they are very similar)
SOURCE:
http://www.articlesbase.com/communication-articles/production-of-subimmersionsubinternationalization-identity-through-african-american-studies-213274.html
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